The WACC of Volkswagen AG (VOW3.DE) is 5.2%.
| Range | Selected | |
| Cost of equity | 7.40% - 11.50% | 9.45% |
| Tax rate | 23.50% - 23.90% | 23.70% |
| Cost of debt | 5.00% - 5.00% | 5.00% |
| WACC | 4.7% - 5.7% | 5.2% |
| Category | Low | High |
| Long-term bond rate | 2.8% | 3.3% |
| Equity market risk premium | 4.7% | 5.7% |
| Adjusted beta | 0.97 | 1.34 |
| Additional risk adjustments | 0.0% | 0.5% |
| Cost of equity | 7.40% | 11.50% |
| Tax rate | 23.50% | 23.90% |
| Debt/Equity ratio | 3.15 | 3.15 |
| Cost of debt | 5.00% | 5.00% |
| After-tax WACC | 4.7% | 5.7% |
| Selected WACC | 5.2% | |
The Cost of Equity reflects the return a company needs to deliver to shareholders to justify the risk of investing in its shares. It’s computed using the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), which blends the risk-free rate, the stock’s beta, and the market risk premium.
This method evaluates the stock’s risk compared to a safe investment and the market’s overall volatility.
Here’s how we figure out the cost of equity for VOW3.DE:
cost_of_equity (9.45%) = risk_free_rate (3.05%) + equity_risk_premium (5.20%) * adjusted_beta (0.97) + risk_adjustments (0.25%)
We include the risk adjustments, which range from 0% to 1%, to keep our WACC conservatives, especially for companies traded in developing markets.