The WACC of Carlsberg Brewery Malaysia Bhd (CARLSBG.KL) is 8.9%.
| Range | Selected | |
| Cost of equity | 7.80% - 10.20% | 9.00% |
| Tax rate | 21.10% - 22.40% | 21.75% |
| Cost of debt | 4.20% - 4.50% | 4.35% |
| WACC | 7.7% - 10.1% | 8.9% |
| Category | Low | High |
| Long-term bond rate | 3.8% | 4.3% |
| Equity market risk premium | 6.9% | 7.8% |
| Adjusted beta | 0.58 | 0.69 |
| Additional risk adjustments | 0.0% | 0.5% |
| Cost of equity | 7.80% | 10.20% |
| Tax rate | 21.10% | 22.40% |
| Debt/Equity ratio | 0.02 | 0.02 |
| Cost of debt | 4.20% | 4.50% |
| After-tax WACC | 7.7% | 10.1% |
| Selected WACC | 8.9% | |
The Cost of Equity reflects the return a company needs to deliver to shareholders to justify the risk of investing in its shares. It’s computed using the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), which blends the risk-free rate, the stock’s beta, and the market risk premium.
This method evaluates the stock’s risk compared to a safe investment and the market’s overall volatility.
Here’s how we figure out the cost of equity for CARLSBG.KL:
cost_of_equity (9.00%) = risk_free_rate (4.05%) + equity_risk_premium (7.35%) * adjusted_beta (0.58) + risk_adjustments (0.25%)
We include the risk adjustments, which range from 0% to 1%, to keep our WACC conservatives, especially for companies traded in developing markets.