The WACC of Carnival PLC (CCL.L) is 9.3%.
| Range | Selected | |
| Cost of equity | 10.00% - 14.70% | 12.35% |
| Tax rate | 0.20% - 0.20% | 0.20% |
| Cost of debt | 5.00% - 5.00% | 5.00% |
| WACC | 7.9% - 10.7% | 9.3% |
| Category | Low | High |
| Long-term bond rate | 4.0% | 4.5% |
| Equity market risk premium | 6.0% | 7.0% |
| Adjusted beta | 1 | 1.4 |
| Additional risk adjustments | 0.0% | 0.5% |
| Cost of equity | 10.00% | 14.70% |
| Tax rate | 0.20% | 0.20% |
| Debt/Equity ratio | 0.7 | 0.7 |
| Cost of debt | 5.00% | 5.00% |
| After-tax WACC | 7.9% | 10.7% |
| Selected WACC | 9.3% | |
The Cost of Equity reflects the return a company needs to deliver to shareholders to justify the risk of investing in its shares. It’s computed using the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), which blends the risk-free rate, the stock’s beta, and the market risk premium.
This method evaluates the stock’s risk compared to a safe investment and the market’s overall volatility.
Here’s how we figure out the cost of equity for CCL.L:
cost_of_equity (12.35%) = risk_free_rate (4.25%) + equity_risk_premium (6.50%) * adjusted_beta (1) + risk_adjustments (0.25%)
We include the risk adjustments, which range from 0% to 1%, to keep our WACC conservatives, especially for companies traded in developing markets.