The WACC of Orange SA (ORA.PA) is 5.7%.
| Range | Selected | |
| Cost of equity | 7.30% - 10.40% | 8.85% |
| Tax rate | 28.80% - 32.90% | 30.85% |
| Cost of debt | 4.00% - 4.70% | 4.35% |
| WACC | 4.9% - 6.6% | 5.7% |
| Category | Low | High |
| Long-term bond rate | 3.0% | 3.5% |
| Equity market risk premium | 5.8% | 6.8% |
| Adjusted beta | 0.74 | 0.94 |
| Additional risk adjustments | 0.0% | 0.5% |
| Cost of equity | 7.30% | 10.40% |
| Tax rate | 28.80% | 32.90% |
| Debt/Equity ratio | 1.14 | 1.14 |
| Cost of debt | 4.00% | 4.70% |
| After-tax WACC | 4.9% | 6.6% |
| Selected WACC | 5.7% | |
The Cost of Equity reflects the return a company needs to deliver to shareholders to justify the risk of investing in its shares. It’s computed using the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), which blends the risk-free rate, the stock’s beta, and the market risk premium.
This method evaluates the stock’s risk compared to a safe investment and the market’s overall volatility.
Here’s how we figure out the cost of equity for ORA.PA:
cost_of_equity (8.85%) = risk_free_rate (3.25%) + equity_risk_premium (6.30%) * adjusted_beta (0.74) + risk_adjustments (0.25%)
We include the risk adjustments, which range from 0% to 1%, to keep our WACC conservatives, especially for companies traded in developing markets.